Question discussion

If x4 + 1/x4 = 23 then what is the value of (x – 1/x)2?

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Let x – 1/x = a

⇒ (x – 1/x)4 = x4 – 4x2 + 6 – 4 × 1/x2 + 1/x4

⇒ x4 + 1/x4 = a4 – 6 + 4 (x2 + 1/x2) = a4 – 6 + 4 [(x – 1/x)2 + 2] = a4 – 6 + 4a2 + 8

⇒ x4 + 1/x4 = a4 + 4a2 + 2

According to the question, a4 + 4a2 + 2 = 23

⇒ a4 + 4a2 – 21 = 0

⇒ a2 – 3a2 + 7a2 – 21 = 0

⇒ (a2 – 3) (a2 + 7) = 0

⇒ a2 = 3 (? a2 + 7 ≠ 0)

∴ (x – 1/x)2 = 3