Deflecting torque: The torque needed to move the pointer over a calibrated scale is known as deflecting torque and it can overcome the inertia of the moving system, controlling torque and damping torque.
Controlling torque: It is to control the pointer to a definite value which is proportional to the quantity being measured. In absence of controlling torque, the pointer will swing beyond its final steady-state position and the deflection will be indefinite.
Damping torque: Deflecting torque is used for deflection, the controlling torque acts opposite to the deflecting torque. So before coming to rest the pointer always oscillates due to inertia, so to bring the pointer rest within a short time by reducing oscillations, we use damping torque without effecting controlling torque (or) inertia.