Aggregate occupies most of the volume of the concrete. The composition, shape, and size of the aggregate all have a significant impact on the workability, durability, strength, weight, and shrinkage of the concrete. Hence, the gradation of aggregate in concrete becomes an essential part. This means that the particles pack together, leaving relatively small voids in the concrete.
The well-graded aggregate has a gradation of particle sizes that fairly evenly span the size from the finest to the coarsest. A slice of a core of well-graded aggregate concrete shows a packed field of many different particle sizes.
Poorly graded aggregate is characterized by small variations in size. This means that the particles pack together, leaving relatively large voids in the concrete.
Gap-graded aggregate consists of coarse aggregate particles that are similar in size but significantly different in size from the fine aggregate. A core slice of gap-graded concrete shows a field of fine aggregate interspersed with slightly isolated, large aggregate pieces embedded in the fine aggregate.
Grading aggregates results in the reduction of voids as voids created by larger particles are filled by smaller particles.